CAC_RCP 55–2004 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS
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ID： |
18565F22BF404F128B740B6FD48DABC2 |
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文件大小(MB)： |
0.04 |
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页数： |
7 |
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文件格式： |
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日期： |
2006-7-3 |
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购买： |
文本摘录（文本识别可能有误，但文件阅览显示及打印正常，pdf文件可进行文字搜索定位）：
CAC/RCP 55 – 2004 Page 1 OF 7,CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE,PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS,CAC/RCP 55 – 2004,1. SCOPE,1. This document is intended to provide guidance for all interested parties producing and handling,peanuts for entry into international trade for human consumption. All peanuts should be prepared and,handled in accordance with the Recommended International Code of Practice – General Principles of Food,Hygiene1, which are relevant for all foods being prepared for human consumption. These codes of practice,indicate the measures that should be implemented by all persons that have the responsibility for assuring that,food is safe and suitable for consumption.,2. DEFINITIONS,2. “Blows” (Pops) means in-shell nuts which are unusually light in weight due to extensive damage from,physiological, mould, insect, or other causes and which can be removed, for example, by an air-separation,process.,3. “Curing” means drying of the in-shell peanuts to a safe moisture level.,4. “Farmers stock” peanuts means in-shell peanuts as they come from farms, after separation from the,vines by hand and/or mechanical means.,5. “Safe water activity” means a water activity of in-shell peanuts and shelled peanuts that will prevent,growth of micro-organisms normally present in the harvesting, processing, and storage environment.,6. Water activity (aw), is a measure of free moisture in a product and is the water vapour pressure of the,substance divided by the vapour pressure of pure water at the same temperature. Water activities above 0.70,at 25 degrees Celsius (77 ° Fahrenheit) are ‘unsafe’ as far as growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus,parasiticus and possible aflatoxin production are concerned.,3. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BASED ON GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP),3.1 PRE-HARVEST,7. To be effective, pre-harvest control of aflatoxin contamination of peanuts must take into consideration,all the varied environmental and agronomic factors that influence pod and seed infection by the aflatoxinproducing,fungi, and aflatoxin production. These factors can vary considerably from one location to another,and between seasons in the same location. Some environments may be particularly favourable to fungal,infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts, and in these circumstances it would be,necessary to consider whether or not the crop should be grown in such areas. However, for most situations it,should be possible to devise agricultural practices that should reduce aflatoxin contamination in peanuts.,1 Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1- 1969, Rev. 4-2003),CAC/RCP 55 – 2004 Page 2 OF 7,8. The continued cultivation of peanuts on the same land may lead to a build-up of high populations of A.,flavus/A. parasiticus in the soil, which will increase the probability of infection and aflatoxin contamination.,Some studies have been carried out on the effect of crop rotation on aflatoxin contamination. In semi-arid,environments, populations of Aspergillus may be very high, and crop rotations may have little influence on,the fungal activity. Cropping systems in some regions involve varied cultivation and fertiliser practices that,individually or taken together may affect survival or build-up populations of the toxigenic fungi. There is,evidence that peanuts grown in different soil types may have significantly different levels of infection by the,moulds. Light sandy soils, for example, favour rapid proliferation of the fungi, particularly under dry,conditions. Heavier soils have a higher water-holding capacity and, therefore, there is less likelihood of,drought stress occurring, which may be partly responsible for the lower than average levels of aflatoxin,contamination in peanuts grown on such soils.,9. In areas that are vulnerable to erosion, no-till practices may be required in the interests of soil,conservation.,10. Utilize the results of soil tests to determine if there is a need to apply fertilizer and/or soil conditioners,to assure adequate soil pH and plant nutrition to avoid plant stress, especially during seed development,which makes peanuts more susceptible to fungal infestation.,11. The choice of peanut variety can be important and therefore before planting, farmers should consult,with the appropriate plant breeding authorities or agricultural extension services to ascertain the peanut,cultivars that have been adapted to their region, and the availability of varieties that are resistant to various,factors such as insect attack and microbial and fungal attack that can have an impact on the safety a……
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